It should be noted right away that America is considered the birthplace of ticks. It is home to seven of their most dangerous species: American dog tick, Blacklegged tick, Brown dog tick, Gulf Coast tick, Lone star tick and Rocky Mountain wood tick. They live not only in forests, but also in urban parks, trees near sidewalks and even back-yard yards of private houses.
Today, no one is immune from the attack and tick bite (even if he lives in a large megalopolis with minimal vegetation).
So, in Los Angeles there was a case when the tick came into the apartment of a skyscraper with a stream of wind. He dug into the skin of a 29-year-old young man who was in his prime and never complained of health. Now the bitten is completely paralyzed. Forecasts of doctors are extremely pessimistic.
"The tick is a small, almost invisible creature that can change the life of any person for the worse," says entomologist and traveler Chris Arrow. "Every year, there are more and more mites." Today they are much more aggressive than 20-30 years ago. "
The mites do not jump and do not fly, but they are able to smell a person or group of people for half a mile, calculate the speed of their movement, and then deftly fall on the victims from above or grab onto the lower part of clothing with the help of high grass.
If the tick is crawling per person, then the probability of a bite exceeds 80%. He very quickly studies the structure and form of clothing, finds loopholes to bare skin.
"The mites move around the body carefully and use a special anesthetic fluid during the bite - as a result, the person does not feel anything at all," says Arrow. - Some types of bloodsuckers stick to the body for 3-5 days. Some people do not notice this, others take a microscopic growth on the body for a mole. "
So, how to insure against a tick bite?
To do this, you must adhere to ten simple rules that every hobbyist should learn by heart in the wild or in urban parks.
First, always use a remedy against insects.
In America, it is called DEET (diethyltoluamide) and is a thick yellow oil. Its concentration is calculated in percent. Against mites, a repellent with an index of 20% or higher (for example, DEED 40%) is effective.
The cost of a small aerosol against ticks is $ 7 - $ 10. It should be applied in numerous places, where the skin is especially soft (the area of the neck, ears, armpits, back of the knees, etc.). However, avoid areas of the eyes, nose and mouth. The repellent though it is safe outside, at hit in an organism can cause serious problems.
Secondly, try not to go deep into the wild.
If you take a hiking tour in the mountains, then at least do not deviate from the path.
If you have pitched the tent, then take care that in the radius of 3 - 4 meters from it there was no tall grass.
In the Catskil Mountains of New York, there was a case when a traveler spent the night in a deep forest, and in the morning found more than 60 ticks on his body. By some miracle, none of the bloodsuckers was a carrier of Lyme or other dangerous ailments. The tourist made a conclusion from the incident and stopped to spend the night in the wild.
Third, wear light clothing, because it is much easier to distinguish ticks from it.
Perhaps one of your companions will see a crawling beetle and sweep it off your twist or trousers.
Remember that in most cases pincers make their way to the body through the space between the socks and pants. It is for this reason that experienced American travelers dress their pants in long socks and even tighten the tops of their socks with scotch tape.
Fourthly, take a shower and carefully examine the body, returning from a forest walk.
It is advisable to use a mirror to make sure there are no bloodsuckers in places that you can not see so easily. Keep in mind that mites often hide in the hair. If you wash your head badly and do not shake the parasite, then at night, without any problems, it will find an ideal place for a bite.
Fifth, cleanse from potential mites clothing.
The ideal option - to wash clothes in hot water, and then 40 - 50 minutes to keep it in the dryer at the highest temperature.
If you are not going to wash clothes on the day of returning from the forest, then put it in a plastic bag and tie it as tight as possible. Ticks should not be able to get out.
Remember once and for all: never leave clothes in which you were in the nature, on the carpet. In this case, the mites hide themselves in the villi, postpone the offspring, and then arrange a hunt for all living creatures that live in the house - cats, dogs, people, etc. The tedious housing is very difficult to clean yourself. To do this, you have to hire an exterminator.
Sixthly, if you still found a sucking mite on the body, then do not panic.
Strictly follow the instructions developed by the experts of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):
- Take a pointed tweezers and grab the mite as close to the skin surface as possible. Movements should be smooth and slow. In no case do not tear and twist the insect.
- If you tore the mite, then remove the remainder of the skin with the same tweezers. Remember that bloodsuckers stick very tight. Their whole tubular mouth remains under the skin.
- Disinfect the wound with alcohol or iodine. If the place of the bite is bleeding, then attach to it for a few minutes a cotton swab.
Never use the so-called "folk remedies" for removing ticks. They should not be lubricated before removal by oil, petroleum jelly, cream or other substances. Twisting ticks in a certain direction is also not worth it. The trunk of an insect is not a screw, there is no carving on it.
- Never press the mites with your fingers. It is best done with rubber gloves, a scrap of paper or plastic.
CDC epidemiologists advise bitten to monitor their condition. If a rash appeared on the body or a fever started, the doctor's intervention is simply necessary. In addition to various tests and tests, the doctor will ask you in detail where and under what circumstances you were bitten. Tell us about everything in detail.
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